These are tables of what we call the "Correlatives". It's an exceptionally
simple way to learn a whole set of very important words. The way to create
any of the words is to take one of the 5 beginnings, shown at the top of
each column, in blue. Then add that to one of the endings, shown in the rows at the right, in red. Please note that each of these words has the letter "I" in the middle (or beginning) of the word.
ĉi
[cxi]-
Universal every
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ki-
Question what
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i-
Indefinite some
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neni-
Negative no
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ti-
Specific that
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ĉia[jn] [cxia[jn]]
all / every kind[s]
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kia[jn]
what kind[s]
|
ia[jn]
some kind[s]
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nenia[jn]
no kind[s] of
|
tia[jn]
that kind[s] / such
|
-a
Kind (adjective)
|
ĉial [cxial]
for every reason
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kial
why
|
ial
for some reason
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nenial
for no reason
|
tial
so / for that reason
|
-al
Reason
|
ĉiam [cxiam]
always
|
kiam
when
|
iam
sometime
|
neniam
never
|
tiam
then
|
-am
Time
|
ĉie [cxie]
everywhere
|
kie
where
|
ie
somewhere
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nenie
nowhere
|
tie
there
|
-e
Place
|
ĉiel [cxiel]
for all reasons
|
kiel
how
|
iel
somehow
|
neniel
in no way
|
tiel
that way / so
|
-el
Way, Manner
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ĉies [cxies]
everyone's
|
kies
whose
|
ies
someone's
|
nenies
noone's / nobody's
|
ties
that one's
|
-es
Posession
|
ĉio[jn] [cxio[jn]]
everything[s]
|
kio[jn]
what (thing[s])
|
io[jn]
something[s]
|
nenio[jn]
nothing[s]
|
tio[jn]
that (thing[s])
|
-o
Thing (noun)
|
ĉiom [cxiom]
every bit of it / all
|
kiom
how much
|
iom
some quantity / somewhat
|
neniom
none / no amount
|
tiom
that much
|
-om
Quantity
|
ĉiu[jn]
[cxiu[jn]]
everyone[s]
|
kiu[jn]
who / which [whom]
|
iu[jn]
someone / some / anyone[s]
|
neniu[jn]
nobody / none[s]
|
tiu[jn]
that one[s]
|
-u
Person / Selection
|
Another way of looking at it is to choose one from the first column below. Then
the -i- is always in the middle. Finally, choose one from the last column. That way any of the correlatives can
be created. In effect,, you only need to learn 5 beginnings and 9 endings
to learn 45 of the most common words in any language, in a simple compact
system.
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-a (kind)
|
|
|
-al (reason)
|
(every) ĉ- [cx-]
|
|
-am (time)
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(what) k-
|
|
-e (place)
|
(some)
|
-i-
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-el (way)
|
(no) nen-
|
|
-es (one's)
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(that) t-
|
|
-o (thing)
|
|
|
-om (amount)
|
|
|
-u (one)
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Ĉi [Cxi] is another
word that goes with the
above words. It is often confused
with one of the "Ĉi-" ["Cxi-"] words, but it is not part of that system at all. Simply, "ĉi" ["cxi"] is a word that stands alone as a "proximity" marker. It makes "that" into "this". So: "tio" means "that (thing)", "ĉi [cxi] tio" means "this (thing)"; "tie" means "there", "ĉi [cxi] tie" means "here"; etc.
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Ajn is the last word that
is almost always
connected with the correlatives. "Ajn" means "-ever" or "- at all". So,
for example,
"kio ajn" means "whatever", and "nenie ajn" means "nowhere at all", etc.
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